Visual Studio for Mac provides a full-featured Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for developing.NET Core applications. This topic walks you through building a.NET Core solution that includes a reusable library and unit testing. This tutorial shows you how to create an application that.
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Now that we have Visual Studio Code installed on our Mac, and have access to the Pis home directory (where we save our scripts) we can start to edit our code! Simply drag a file from the Raspberry Pi network share into Visual Studio Code. At the core of effective application development is a thorough knowledge of Visual Studio Mac. In this course, Visual Studio for Mac, you will learn how to work with VS Mac to produce enterprise-quality software.
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Visual Studio for Mac provides a full-featured Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for developing .NET Core applications. This topic walks you through building a .NET Core solution that includes a reusable library and unit testing.
This tutorial shows you how to create an application that accepts a search word and a string of text from the user, counts the number of times the search word appears in the string using a method in a class library, and returns the result to the user. The solution also includes unit testing for the class library as an introduction to unit testing concepts. If you prefer to proceed through the tutorial with a complete sample, download the sample solution. For download instructions, see Samples and Tutorials.
Note
Your feedback is highly valued. There are two ways you can provide feedback to the development team on Visual Studio for Mac:
- In Visual Studio for Mac, select Help > Report a Problem from the menu or Report a Problem from the Welcome screen, which opens a window for filing a bug report. You can track your feedback in the Developer Community portal.
- To make a suggestion, select Help > Provide a Suggestion from the menu or Provide a Suggestion from the Welcome screen, which takes you to the Visual Studio for Mac Developer Community webpage.
Prerequisites
- OpenSSL (if running .NET Core 1.1): See the Prerequisites for .NET Core on Mac topic.
For more information on prerequisites, see the Prerequisites for .NET Core on Mac. For the full system requirements of Visual Studio 2017 for Mac, see Visual Studio 2017 for Mac Product Family System Requirements.
Building a library
On the Welcome screen, select New Project. In the New Project dialog under the .NET Core node, select the .NET Standard Library template. This creates a .NET Standard library that targets .NET Core as well as any other .NET implementation that supports version 2.0 of the .NET Standard. Select Next.
Name the project 'TextUtils' (a short name for 'Text Utilities') and the solution 'WordCounter'. Leave Create a project directory within the solution directory checked. Select Create.
In the Solution sidebar, expand the
TextUtilsnode to reveal the class file provided by the template, Class1.cs. Right-click the file, select Rename from the context menu, and rename the file to WordCount.cs. Open the file and replace the contents with the following code:Save the file by using any of three different methods: use the keyboard shortcut ⌘+s, select File > Save from the menu, or right-click on the file's tab and select Save from the contextual menu. The following image shows the IDE window:
Select Errors in the margin at the bottom of the IDE window to open the Errors panel. Select the Build Output button.
Select Build > Build All from the menu.
The solution builds. The build output panel shows that the build is successful.
Creating a test project
Unit tests provide automated software testing during your development and publishing. The testing framework that you use in this tutorial is xUnit (version 2.2.0 or later), which is installed automatically when the xUnit test project is added to the solution in the following steps:
In the Solution sidebar, right-click the
WordCountersolution and select Add > Add New Project.In the New Project dialog, select Tests from the .NET Core node. Select the xUnit Test Project followed by Next.
Name the new project 'TestLibrary' and select Create.
In order for the test library to work with the
WordCountclass, add a reference to theTextUtilsproject. In the Solution sidebar, right-click Dependencies under TestLibrary. Select Edit References from the context menu.In the Edit References dialog, select the TextUtils project on the Projects tab. Select OK.
In the TestLibrary project, rename the UnitTest1.cs file to TextUtilsTests.cs.
Open the file and replace the code with the following:
The following image shows the IDE with the unit test code in place. Pay attention to the
Assert.NotEqualstatement.It's important to make a new test fail once to confirm its testing logic is correct. The method passes in the name 'Jack' (uppercase) and a string with 'Jack' and 'jack' (uppercase and lowercase). If the
GetWordCountmethod is working properly, it returns a count of two instances of the search word. In order to fail this test on purpose, you first implement the test asserting that two instances of the search word 'Jack' aren't returned by theGetWordCountmethod. Continue to the next step to fail the test on purpose.Open the Unit Tests panel on the right side of the screen.
Click the Dock icon to keep the panel open.
Click the Run All button.
The test fails, which is the correct result. The test method asserts that two instances of the
inputString, 'Jack,' aren't returned from the string 'Jack jack' provided to theGetWordCountmethod. Since word casing was factored out in theGetWordCountmethod, two instances are returned. The assertion that 2 is not equal to 2 fails. This is the correct outcome, and the logic of our test is good.Modify the
IgnoreCasingtest method by changingAssert.NotEqualtoAssert.Equal. Save the file by using the keyboard shortcut ⌘+s, File > Save from the menu, or right-clicking on the file's tab and selecting Save from the context menu.You expect that the
searchWord'Jack' returns two instances withinputString'Jack jack' passed intoGetWordCount. Run the test again by clicking the Run Tests button in the Unit Tests panel or the Rerun Tests button in the Test Results panel at the bottom of the screen. The test passes. There are two instances of 'Jack' in the string 'Jack jack' (ignoring casing), and the test assertion istrue.Testing individual return values with a
Factis only the beginning of what you can do with unit testing. Another powerful technique allows you to test several values at once using aTheory. Add the following method to yourTextUtils_GetWordCountShouldclass. You have two methods in the class after you add this method:The
CountInstancesCorrectlychecks that theGetWordCountmethod counts correctly. TheInlineDataprovides a count, a search word, and an input string to check. The test method runs once for each line of data. Note once again that you're asserting a failure first by usingAssert.NotEqual, even when you know that the counts in the data are correct and that the values match the counts returned by theGetWordCountmethod. Performing the step of failing the test on purpose might seem like a waste of time at first, but checking the logic of the test by failing it first is an important check on the logic of your tests. When you come across a test method that passes when you expect it to fail, you've found a bug in the logic of the test. It's worth the effort to take this step every time you create a test method.Save the file and run the tests again. The casing test passes but the three count tests fail. This is exactly what you expect to happen.
Modify the
CountInstancesCorrectlytest method by changingAssert.NotEqualtoAssert.Equal. Save the file. Run the tests again. All tests pass.
Adding a console app
In the Solution sidebar, right-click the
WordCountersolution. Add a new Console Application project by selecting the template from the .NET Core > App templates. Select Next. Name the project WordCounterApp. Select Create to create the project in the solution.In the Solutions sidebar, right-click the Dependencies node of the new WordCounterApp project. In the Edit References dialog, check TextUtils and select OK.
Open the Program.cs file. Replace the code with the following:
To run the app in a console window instead of the IDE, right-click the
WordCounterAppproject, select Options, and open the Default node under Configurations. Check the box for Run on external console. Leave the Pause console output option checked. This setting causes the app to spawn in a console window so that you can type input for theConsole.ReadLinestatements. If you leave the app to run in the IDE, you can only see the output ofConsole.WriteLinestatements.Console.ReadLinestatements do not work in the IDE's Application Output panel.Because the current version of Visual Studio for Mac cannot run the tests when the solution is run, you run the console app directly. Right-click on the
WordCounterAppproject and select Run item from the context menu. If you attempt to run the app with the Play button, the test runner and app fail to run. For more information on the status of the work on this issue, see xunit/xamarinstudio.xunit (#60). When you run the app, provide values for the search word and input string at the prompts in the console window. The app indicates the number of times the search word appears in the string.The last feature to explore is debugging with Visual Studio for Mac. Set a breakpoint on the
Console.WriteLinestatement: Select in the left margin of line 23, and you see a red circle appear next to the line of code. Alternatively, select anywhere on the line of code and select Run > Toggle Breakpoint from the menu.Right-click the
WordCounterAppproject. Select Start Debugging item from the context menu. When the app runs, enter the search word 'cat' and 'The dog chased the cat, but the cat escaped.' for the string to search. When theConsole.WriteLinestatement is reached, program execution halts before the statement is executed. In the Locals tab, you can see thesearchWord,inputString,wordCount, andpluralCharvalues.In the Immediate pane, type 'wordCount = 999;' and press Enter. This assigns a nonsense value of 999 to the
wordCountvariable showing that you can replace variable values while debugging.In the toolbar, click the continue arrow. Look at the output in the console window. It reports the incorrect value of 999 that you set when you were debugging the app.